Executive Order Tracker

Presidential executive orders usually attract more attention than the myriad other executive actions by a presidential administration, because they signal the intent and direction of the administration’s political and regulatory efforts. When a president issues an executive order, most of the resulting commentary focuses on whether its policy goals are good or bad. These evaluations are often predictable based on the partisan affiliation of the commentators.

We at the Center for Practical Federalism believe it’s important to consider not just an executive order’s immediate policy consequences, but its long-term effects on state and local authority. This authority has been unwisely and improperly diminished during decades of federal expansion, so it’s important to scrutinize the effects federal actions have on the federalist balance that was so important to the American founding, and which has undergirded American stability, freedom, and prosperity.

To that end, we offer this tracker of active executive orders that have a direct impact on American federalism and self-governance.

Executive orders typically provide broad instructions to the federal government, setting off a chain of activity across agencies. Without strong federalism safeguards, these orders can concentrate even more power in Washington—making future policy swings more dramatic with each new administration. To that end, this tool will not only scrutinize active executive orders, but also provide insights on how to integrate federalism principles into them, as a bulwark against federal agency overreach.

Ending Procurement and Forced Use of Paper Straws
Tenille Martin Tenille Martin

Ending Procurement and Forced Use of Paper Straws

“Ending Procurement and Forced Use of Paper Straws” aims to end the use of paper straws in federal practices but raises concerns about federal influence over state policies on plastic straw bans.

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Establishment of the White House Faith Office
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Establishment of the White House Faith Office

This Executive Order requests a multi-agency assessment of where federal practices discourage participation of faith-based organizations, but with an added push to seek input “from experts and various faith and community leaders.

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Eradicating Anti-Christian Bias
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Eradicating Anti-Christian Bias

“Eliminating Anti-Christian Bias” directs agencies to eliminate the prior administration’s use of federal power to define and prosecute as crimes various faith-oriented advocacy activities

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Keeping Men Out of Women’s Sports
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Keeping Men Out of Women’s Sports

“Keeping Men Out of Women’s Sports” builds on goals and definitions established in a prior EO aimed at protecting women from biological males who compete in all-female sports leagues and use facilities reserved for women.

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Unleashing Prosperity Through Deregulation
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Unleashing Prosperity Through Deregulation

This executive order directs federal agencies for every new regulation in 2025 to identify ten existing regulations for elimination. It could have significant implications for federalism and the future of regulatory reform.

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Expanding Educational Freedom
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Expanding Educational Freedom

“Expanding Educational Freedom and Opportunities for Families” directs federal agencies to expand support for education choice by guiding states on using funds for alternatives like private and faith-based schools. While it increases state and local authority, its impact will depend on whether new funding conditions emerge.

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Protecting Children From Chemical and Surgical Mutilation
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Protecting Children From Chemical and Surgical Mutilation

This order is positive for federalism insofar as it ends federal agency pressure on states to cover these procedures as part of their Medicaid programs, as well as threats to find health care providers in violation of anti-discrimination provisions under section 1557 of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act if they didn’t go along.

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Enforcing the Hyde Amendment
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Enforcing the Hyde Amendment

This order reverses two orders issued by the Biden Administration in response to the U.S. Supreme Court’s 2022 Dobbs decision that returned authority over abortion regulation to the states.

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Emergency Measures to Provide Water Resources in California
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Emergency Measures to Provide Water Resources in California

This order directs the federal Bureau of Reclamation to increase flow from federally controlled facilities and waterways by ending, if necessary, cooperation with California water authorities where they have prioritized animal species protection over human uses of water. To this end it also authorizes exemptions from the federal Endangered Species and National Environmental Policy Acts.

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Council to Assess the Federal Emergency Management Agency
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Council to Assess the Federal Emergency Management Agency

A gathering of officials to improve FEMA effectiveness brings to mind the observation of Sir Barnett Cocks: “A committee is a cul-de-sac down which ideas are lured and quietly strangled.” Much in this instance depends on the President’s appointments to the Council charged with this work, at least some of whom will not be federal officials.

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Putting People Over Fish
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Putting People Over Fish

“Putting People Over Fish” directs the federal departments of Commerce and Interior to resume plans proposed during the first Trump Administration to channel more northern California water to central and southern parts of the state.

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Promoting Beautiful Federal Civic Architecture
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Promoting Beautiful Federal Civic Architecture

This Order requires that federal public buildings “respect regional, traditional, and classical architectural heritage,” which implies greater deference to the architectural designs and practices of American communities.

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Restoring the Death Penalty and Protecting Public Safety
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Restoring the Death Penalty and Protecting Public Safety

Many provisions in this order will empower states to more easily apply the death penalty if they so choose, like expediting consideration of state requests for federal certification of their appeals processes, and ensuring they have access to drugs necessary for executions.

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Realigning the United States Refugee Admissions Program
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Realigning the United States Refugee Admissions Program

This not only aims to reduce the burdens placed on states and communities by large influxes of migrants in recent years, it promises to give states “greater involvement in the process of determining the placement or resettlement of refugees in their jurisdictions.”

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Declaring a National Energy Emergency
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Declaring a National Energy Emergency

By invoking, among other powers, the Defense Production Act, this order seeks to facilitate increased energy production on federal lands, and directs federal agencies to expedite petitions for exemptions from Endangered Species Act rules by state governors and others seeking to expand energy production.

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Unleashing American Energy
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Unleashing American Energy

Key provisions concerning states in this order reduce subsidies that had unduly distorted states’ markets and governmental budgets, require federal agencies to review whether their policies and practices have suppressed energy development in the states, and order a review of public lands withdrawals. This last is especially important in states where large swaths of land are controlled by federal agencies.

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